Since its founding in 1942, APL has proudly served as a world-class research and development institution and has created some of the nation’s most critical defense technologies. In that time, threats to our national security have continued to emerge and evolve, increasing in complexity and involving new operational environments and regimes. Johns Hopkins APL Honored Twice on Fast Company’s 2024 ‘Most Innovative Companies’ List Two breakthrough technologies from APL received Most Innovative Companies awards from Fast Company. APL was ranked No. 6 in the Rapid Response category for biothreat characterization technology and No. 10 in the Applied Artificial Intelligence (AI ... James E. Kittelberger is the operations executive for the National Security Analysis Department (NSAD) of the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory. He provides leadership and management of the business and administrative functions for the overall operation of the department of approximately 180 staff members. Mr. Kittelberger …Join our Talent Community! Joining APL's Talent Community is a great way to learn more about the Laboratory, our culture and future opportunities.Learn about Johns Hopkins APL, a not-for-profit research center that solves complex problems for national security and space exploration. See its company overview, …DART—a mission designed, developed, and managed by the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory for NASA's Planetary Defense Coordination Office—is the world's first full-scale mission to test technology for defending the planet against potential asteroid or comet hazards. The spacecraft launched Wednesday …Since its founding in 1942, APL has proudly served as a world-class research and development institution and has created some of the nation’s most critical defense technologies. In that time, threats to our national security have continued to emerge and evolve, increasing in complexity and involving new operational environments and regimes.Principal Research Scientist. [email protected]. Bloomberg 477. 410-516-3861. Research Interests: Star formation and the interstellar medium in nearby galaxies; low surface brightness outskirts of galaxies; circumgalactic HI and HVCs; ultraviolet, infrared, radio, and H-alpha imaging; space-based astronomy.Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) is a nonprofit organization that solves complex problems and develops new technologies for national security, defense, and … Transformative Innovation and Trusted Technical Leadership. Leveraging our expertise and experience, we develop technologies and capabilities that serve national priorities and expand the frontiers of science. Since our founding in 1942, we have provided critical contributions to critical challenges with systems engineering and integration ... Applied Physics Master's Program Online. With the Johns Hopkins online, part-time applied physics master’s degree, you'll study a wide range of topics from condensed matter to interstellar space in courses that will enrich your experience as an engineer and applied physicist. Gain sought-after skills from scientists who are creating ... Mar 18, 2024. NASA Delivers Science Instrument to JAXA’s Martian Moons Mission. Built by Johns Hopkins APL in collaboration with Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, the gamma-ray and neutron spectrometer instrument called MEGANE reached the Japanese spacecraft manufacturer last week for final testing and for integration with the Japan ... On Sept. 19, the spacecraft returned to the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) in Laurel, Maryland, after a trip to Aerojet Rocketdyne, where the propulsion system was added. The spacecraft was then transported to NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, where it underwent thermal testing.Some of our collaboration and research opportunities include: Independent Research and Development Program (IRAD) Johns Hopkins Sabbatical Fellow and Professorship Program. Teaching opportunities with the Johns Hopkins Whiting School of Engineering. I am continually surprised by the breadth of expertise that can be found around the Lab.The Applied Physics Laboratory, a not-for-profit division of The Johns Hopkins University, meets critical national challenges through the innovative application of science and technology. For more information, visit www.jhuapl.edu .Lisa Blodgett has been named head of the Force Projection Sector at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory in Laurel, Maryland. As sector head, Blodgett will oversee the work of three mission areas focused on ensuring that force projection will provide capabilities for warfighter mission success: Precision Strike, Sea Control ...He was an acoustic research engineer at The Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Lab (JHU/APL), and a Program Officer at the Office of Naval Research (ONR) prior to his current position at JHU/APL as a scientist with a focus on Anti-Submarine Warfare technologies. His research interests include antisubmarine warfare technologies, sensor design ...APL’s STEM Academy is a unique opportunity for middle and high school students (grades 8–12) to increase both their knowledge of and interest in STEM-related college majors and careers by taking after-school courses (5:00–6:30 p.m. ET). Priority for in-person and virtual courses goes to students from the state of Maryland. Some of our collaboration and research opportunities include: Independent Research and Development Program (IRAD) Johns Hopkins Sabbatical Fellow and Professorship Program. Teaching opportunities with the Johns Hopkins Whiting School of Engineering. I am continually surprised by the breadth of expertise that can be found around the Lab. The Lab will pay tuition for up to 24 credit hours per academic year for a relevant degree or part-time coursework. Staff members in part-time doctoral programs are eligible for 200 hours of paid leave per year while in the dissertation phase, for up to three years. APL also partners with Johns Hopkins University’s Engineering forJohns Hopkins is America’s first research university, founded on the principle that by pursuing big ideas and sharing what we learn, we can make the world better ... Researchers at our nine academic divisions and at the university’s Applied Physics Laboratory have made us the nation’s leader in federal research and development funding ...APL’s STEM Academy is a unique opportunity for middle and high school students (grades 8–12) to increase both their knowledge of and interest in STEM-related college majors and careers by taking after-school courses (5:00–6:30 p.m. ET). Priority for in-person and virtual courses goes to students from the state of Maryland.Oct 22, 2021 · The Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) formally opened one of its newest state-of-the-art research facilities on Oct. 19 with a ceremony featuring government and university leaders at the Laboratory’s Laurel, Maryland, campus. The ISC is part of the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory and will follow all current policies. Please visit the JHU/APL page for more information on the Lab's visitor guidance. Intelligent Systems Center. Ralph L. McNutt Jr., a physicist, is the chief scientist for Space Science at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. McNutt is project scientist and a co-investigator on NASA's MESSENGER mission to Mercury, co-investigator on NASA's Solar Probe Plus mission to the solar corona, principal investigator on the PEPSSI …Join our Talent Community! Joining APL's Talent Community is a great way to learn more about the Laboratory, our culture and future opportunities.The Lab will pay tuition for up to 24 credit hours per academic year for a relevant degree or part-time coursework. Staff members in part-time doctoral programs are eligible for 200 hours of paid leave per year while in the dissertation phase, for up to three years. APL also partners with Johns Hopkins University’s Engineering forAverage Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory Security Officer yearly pay in the United States is approximately $121,510, which is 156% above the national average. Salary information comes from 55 data points collected directly from employees, users, and past and present job advertisements on Indeed in the past 36 …Friday, April 5, 2024 -- 2:00 PM - 3:00 PM. Click on the colloquium date above to place the Colloquium on your calendar. Click on » Overview for more information about the colloquium. To receive e-mail Colloquium Announcements, APL employees should use the APL MyLists site and subscribe to the Colloquia under the Speakers tab.Johns Hopkins APL’s Theater Defense Mission Area creates innovative and effective system solutions to defend forward-deployed U.S. forces, allies, and partners across the globe from the threat of air and missile attack. Building on our legacy of addressing emerging threats posed by advanced aircraft and cruise, ballistic, and hypersonic ...Johns Hopkins APL’s Theater Defense Mission Area creates innovative and effective system solutions to defend forward-deployed U.S. forces, allies, and partners across the globe from the threat of air and missile attack. Building on our legacy of addressing emerging threats posed by advanced aircraft and cruise, ballistic, and hypersonic ...Dr. Robert D. Braun has been announced as the next head of the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory’s (APL) Space Exploration Sector. His appointment begins on March 28, 2022. Braun, who most recently served as Director for Planetary Science at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Lab (JPL), has more than 30 years of experience as a space systems ... 400 Continental Blvd. Suite 310. El Segundo, CA 90245. Phone: 424-217-7820. The Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory is located in Laurel, Maryland, situated between Baltimore and Washington D.C. and near I-95. Impact of Space Weather Events. In 1972, a massive CME hit between the Apollo 16 and 17 missions. Had astronauts been on the surface of or orbiting the Moon, they would have received a near-lethal radiation dose. In 1989, the impacts from a severe geospace storm caused power disruptions that spanned from Quebec to San Francisco.The Diversity, Equity & Inclusion Annual Report summarizes APL’s diversity-focused resources and initiatives and serves as a reflection of APL’s commitment to a diverse and inclusive work environment. The Annual Report highlights Johns Hopkins APL’s technical expertise and summarizes recent critical contributions to critical challenges. The NAMI facility is a first-of-its-kind laboratory that unlocks the power of biology for national and environmental security. With aquariums sized from 10 to 1,000 gallons, and the capability to make up to 10,000 gallons of its own seawater per day, the space is home to a wide variety of organisms ... Johns Hopkins APL’s Global Health Mission Area aims to eliminate naturally occurring, deliberate, and accidental health threats through revolutionary science and engineering. Health threats in the United States and around the world have grown in complexity and require novel approaches to measure and quantify health; predict and prevent injury ...Ralph Semmel, Director, Applied Physics Laboratory. In the not too distant future we will see more and more autonomous systems operating with humans, for humans, and … Some of our collaboration and research opportunities include: Independent Research and Development Program (IRAD) Johns Hopkins Sabbatical Fellow and Professorship Program. Teaching opportunities with the Johns Hopkins Whiting School of Engineering. I am continually surprised by the breadth of expertise that can be found around the Lab. Since its founding in 1942, APL has proudly served as a world-class research and development institution and has created some of the nation’s most critical defense technologies. In that time, threats to our national security have continued to emerge and evolve, increasing in complexity and involving new operational environments and regimes. Nelli Mosavi-Hoyer, an engineer and project manager with the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) in Laurel, Maryland, was recognized with Women in Aerospace’s 2023 Aerospace Awareness Award for her leadership and outreach efforts. Some of our collaboration and research opportunities include: Independent Research and Development Program (IRAD) Johns Hopkins Sabbatical Fellow and Professorship Program. Teaching opportunities with the Johns Hopkins Whiting School of Engineering. I am continually surprised by the breadth of expertise that can be found around the Lab. 410-715-4600 or 877-737-2596. 10605 Route 108. Columbia, MD 21044. Courtyard Fort Meade. Distance from APL: 11.9 miles. 301-498-8400. 2700 Hercules Road. Annapolis Junction, MD 20701. Hotels within driving distance to Johns Hopkins APL’s main campus. Since its founding in 1942, APL has proudly served as a world-class research and development institution and has created some of the nation’s most critical defense technologies. In that time, threats to our national security have continued to emerge and evolve, increasing in complexity and involving new operational environments and regimes. The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory conducted the workshop on April 23–24, 2019, to bring together thought leaders from a variety of fields, including norm theory and practice, nuclear strategy, and Northeast Asia. Applied Physics Laboratory. The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory is a division of Johns Hopkins University. APL's mission includes the application of …11100 Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, Maryland 20723-6099 | 240-228-5000 Johns Hopkins APL Honored Twice on Fast Company’s 2024 ‘Most Innovative Companies’ List Two breakthrough technologies from APL received Most Innovative Companies awards from Fast Company. APL was ranked No. 6 in the Rapid Response category for biothreat characterization technology and No. 10 in the Applied Artificial Intelligence (AI ... Early Career Opportunities. If you’re about to graduate or have recently graduated with a bachelor’s, master’s, or doctoral degree, a host of rewarding full-time opportunities are available to you at APL. We foster an atmosphere of inspiration where the coworkers you pass in the halls are innovators, creators, and world-changers.The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) brings world-class expertise to our nation's most critical defense, security, space and science challenges. …Applied Physics Laboratory. Johns Hopkins University; Overview; Research output (3) Research output Research output per year 1988 1988 2002 2008 2008. 1 Chapter; 1 Article; 1 Review article Physiology of Nociceptors Ringkamp, M. & Meyer, R. A., ...The Motion Table Facility supports various programs for physics-based trainers, test and evaluation, and specialized concept development. The centerpiece of this lab is a Moog …The Laboratory continues to anticipate and proactively respond to many of the nation’s evolving — and sometimes unconventional — security challenges, from health security …The mission of the STEM Program Management Office is to help develop our nation’s STEM talent. This is a pretty daunting task that we could not accomplish without the help of APL’s very talented staff, our challenging work, and our world-class facilities. The Director of APL, Ralph Semmel, always challenges APL staff to “Be bold, do great ... We have exciting news! To better serve our students, mentors, and community, ASPIRE is moving to a single-admission program in 2024. The summer 2024 application period opens January 1 and remains open until 11:59pm on February 15. There will no longer be an academic year application period. Email [email protected] with any questions. He was an acoustic research engineer at The Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Lab (JHU/APL), and a Program Officer at the Office of Naval Research (ONR) prior to his current position at JHU/APL as a scientist with a focus on Anti-Submarine Warfare technologies. His research interests include antisubmarine warfare technologies, sensor design ...The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) brings world-class expertise to our nation's most critical defense, security, space and science challenges. …Johns Hopkins APL’s Theater Defense Mission Area creates innovative and effective system solutions to defend forward-deployed U.S. forces, allies, and partners across the globe from the threat of air and missile attack. Building on our legacy of addressing emerging threats posed by advanced aircraft and cruise, ballistic, and hypersonic ...The supplier portal is the main tool for suppliers and subcontractors to self-manage their compliance documents, including annual representations and certifications, payment and banking information, and business classification. If you are a small business, please feel free to contact APL’s Supplier Diversity Resource Office (SDRO).Taught by notable scientists from the Johns Hopkins Physics Lab, NASA, and the Naval Research Laboratory, you’ll focus on a wide range of topics, including optics, interstellar …The Dagger Approach. Develop a model of a mission, supporting components, and dependencies. Iterate to improve the model. Combine the model with real-time data-feeds to compute status of mission, capabilties and components. Present status in a visualization optimized for rapid comprehension of overall mission status. Parker also theorized an explanation for the superheated solar atmosphere, the corona, which is – contrary to what was expected by physics laws -- hotter than the surface of the Sun itself. It was the first time NASA had named a mission for a living individual. Parker died in March 2022, at age 94. Learn about Johns Hopkins APL, a not-for-profit research center that solves complex problems for national security and space exploration. See its company overview, …The median yearly total compensation reported at Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory is $128,000. Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory's salary ranges from $109,450 in total compensation per year for a Recruiter at the low-end to $189,140 for a Information Technologist at the high-end.The median yearly total compensation reported at Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory is $128,000. Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory's salary ranges from $109,450 in total compensation per year for a Recruiter at the low-end to $189,140 for a Information Technologist at the high-end.Johns Hopkins APL has been instrumental in developing advanced capabilities to defend our forces and allies against aircraft and missile threats. Our world-class expertise in air and missile defense began to take shape with the development of the radio proximity fuze in World War II. Since then, we have continued to respond to emerging and ...Applied Physics. Overview. Programs. Courses. The part-time Applied Physics program bridges the gap between pure physics and engineering by providing courses and …Contact. Vice Provost for Research. 265 Garland Hall 3400 North Charles Street Baltimore, MD 21218 (443) 927-1957Hopkins Engineering Innovation commuter programs help you prepare for college through a four-week on campus experience in various locations across the US, including at the JHU Applied Physics Lab in Laurel, MD!Join fellow STEM-loving students from across the country and around the globe to preview life as a real engineering undergrad!Research Professor (JHU Physics & Astronomy); Principal Professional Staff (JHU-APL) [email protected]; Bloomberg 145, APL 200-E210; 443-778-8078; Research … Applied Physics Master's Program Online. With the Johns Hopkins online, part-time applied physics master’s degree, you'll study a wide range of topics from condensed matter to interstellar space in courses that will enrich your experience as an engineer and applied physicist. Gain sought-after skills from scientists who are creating ... Maryland MESA (Math, Engineering, Science Achievement) is an exciting and engaging after-school program for students in grades 3–12 designed to spark their interest in STEM education and STEM careers. The Maryland MESA program aims to provide an accessible, inclusive, and nurturing environment for all club members regardless of race, gender ...Minh Agon Huebner is the chief financial officer (CFO) and head of the Business, Construction, and Facilities Department at the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory. She provides executive leadership and management for enterprise business services such as finance and accounting, prime contracting, procurement, material …Johns Hopkins APL’s Camera Reveals Surprise for NASA’s Lucy Mission in First Asteroid Encounter More About This Image. Search. Search Submit search. ... Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. 11100 Johns Hopkins Road. Laurel, Maryland 20723. 240-228-5000. Facebook; Instagram; LinkedIn; Twitter; Dr. Ralph D. Semmel is the eighth director of the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory (APL). As director, Dr. Semmel leads the nation’s largest university affiliated research center, which performs research and development on behalf of the Department of Defense, the Intelligence Community, NASA, and other federal agencies. Applied Physics Laboratory. Johns Hopkins University; Overview; Research output (3) Research output Research output per year 1988 1988 2002 2008 2008. 1 Chapter; 1 Article; 1 Review article Physiology of Nociceptors Ringkamp, M. & Meyer, R. A., ...The Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) Building 201 is a veritable wonderland for scientists, boasting cutting-edge tools, equipment and laboratories that push the boundaries of research and development. Whether unraveling the mysteries of the universe, pioneering new materials, or confronting complex national security challenges ...Johns Hopkins APL’s Camera Reveals Surprise for NASA’s Lucy Mission in First Asteroid Encounter More About This Image. Search. Search Submit search. ... Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. 11100 Johns Hopkins Road. Laurel, Maryland 20723. 240-228-5000. Facebook; Instagram; LinkedIn; Twitter; Human and Machine Intelligence. [email protected]. Google Scholar. Dr. Francesco Tenore is a senior staff engineer whose research focuses on the development and testing of next-generation closed-loop invasive neural interfaces for control and perception of upper-extremity anthropomorphic devices and nonanthropomorphic systems. Dr. The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) is a not-for-profit center for engineering, research and development. Located north of Washington, DC, APL is a division of one of the ...Hopkins Engineering Innovation commuter programs help you prepare for college through a four-week on campus experience in various locations across the US, including at the JHU Applied Physics Lab in Laurel, MD!Join fellow STEM-loving students from across the country and around the globe to preview life as a real engineering undergrad!Set to launch in 2025, NASA’s Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe (IMAP) mission will help researchers better understand what happens at the boundary of the heliosphere, where the Sun’s protective magnetic field ends. This boundary is where the solar wind collides with materials from interstellar space; these collisions protect our solar system … Parker also theorized an explanation for the superheated solar atmosphere, the corona, which is – contrary to what was expected by physics laws -- hotter than the surface of the Sun itself. It was the first time NASA had named a mission for a living individual. Parker died in March 2022, at age 94. 11100 Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, Maryland 20723-6099 | 240-228-5000 Mar 18, 2024. NASA Delivers Science Instrument to JAXA’s Martian Moons Mission. Built by Johns Hopkins APL in collaboration with Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, the gamma-ray and neutron spectrometer instrument called MEGANE reached the Japanese spacecraft manufacturer last week for final testing and for integration with the Japan ... Explore Opportunities. Experienced Professionals. Doctoral-Level Professionals. New and Recent College Graduates. Student Internships. Where challenging work meets a rewarding career. Learn more about what it’s like to work at Johns Hopkins APL. Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory Overview. 4.3 ★. www.jhuapl.edu. Laurel, MD. 5001 to 10000 Employees. 2 Locations. Type: Nonprofit Organization. Founded in 1942. Revenue: $1 to $5 billion (USD)Johns Hopkins APL’s Theater Defense Mission Area creates innovative and effective system solutions to defend forward-deployed U.S. forces, allies, and partners across the globe from the threat of air and missile attack. Building on our legacy of addressing emerging threats posed by advanced aircraft and cruise, ballistic, and hypersonic ...
I have been working with the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory since January 2022, where I continually strive to meet customer requirements and create solutions that surpass expectations .... Russian nails nyc
Set to launch in 2025, NASA’s Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe (IMAP) mission will help researchers better understand what happens at the boundary of the heliosphere, where the Sun’s protective magnetic field ends. This boundary is where the solar wind collides with materials from interstellar space; these collisions protect our solar system …11100 Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, Maryland 20723-6099 | 240-228-5000Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) is a nonprofit organization that solves complex problems and develops new technologies for national security, defense, and …APL and our staff have been recognized industry-wide. We have been named to Fast Company’s “Best Workplaces for Innovators” list for five years in a row. In 2022, 2023, and 2024, we were honored to be one of Glassdoor’s Best Places to Work, based on feedback from our employees. U.S. Black Engineer Magazine has recognized APL as a top ...I have been working with the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory since January 2022, where I continually strive to meet customer requirements and create solutions that surpass expectations ... Since its founding in 1942, APL has proudly served as a world-class research and development institution and has created some of the nation’s most critical defense technologies. In that time, threats to our national security have continued to emerge and evolve, increasing in complexity and involving new operational environments and regimes. Maryland MESA (Math, Engineering, Science Achievement) is an exciting and engaging after-school program for students in grades 3–12 designed to spark their interest in STEM education and STEM careers. The Maryland MESA program aims to provide an accessible, inclusive, and nurturing environment for all club members regardless of race, gender ...The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory 11100 Johns Hopkins Road Laurel, MD 20723-6099 MP1 (7700 Montpelier Road) MP5 (7705 Montpelier Road) MP2 (7701 Montpelier Road) MP6 (7651 Montpelier Road) MP4 (7703 Montpelier Road) South Campus: 11101 Johns Hopkins Road Laurel, MD 20723-6099 . Telephone/Fax . Washington, DC:Biological and Chemical Sciences. Physics, Electronic Materials, and Devices. [email protected]. Google Scholar. Dr. Leslie H. Hamilton is a senior staff scientist whose research focuses on materials and sensors at the interface with biology. Her recent work has included the development of biomaterials and sensors for health applications ...The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) is a not-for-profit center for engineering, research and development. Located north of Washington, DC, APL is a division of one of the ...11100 Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, Maryland 20723-6099 | 240-228-5000The problem, as researchers at the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory saw it, was the slow cure rate of polyurethane. Even the toughest glues struggle to handle interstitial water, and most work best on pretreated surfaces, both of which are challenges in an underwater environment. They also typically take at least 24 hours to properly ...Contact. Vice Provost for Research. 265 Garland Hall 3400 North Charles Street Baltimore, MD 21218 (443) 927-1957The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory . Search by Property Name . Campus; Johns Hopkins Homewood Campus; Carey Business School; ... 24 miles to The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. Email Email Property Call (667) 213-6350. Videos Videos | Virtual Tour Virtual Tour; Copper Village and Quarry Village .Dr. Christopher Ratto is a member of the Senior Professional Staff at The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. Jane Pinelis. Chief of the Test, Evaluation, and Assessment ... professional staff member in the Tactical Intelligence Systems group within the Asymmetrical Operations Sector at Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory ...Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory Overview. 4.3 ★. www.jhuapl.edu. Laurel, MD. 5001 to 10000 Employees. 2 Locations. Type: Nonprofit Organization. Founded in 1942. Revenue: $1 to $5 billion (USD)Foundational expertise in systems engineering. Johns Hopkins APL has been developing systems since day one, and our world-class expertise in systems engineering is applied to solve problems that are more complex and difficult than other organizations can address. Since our founding in 1942, we have made critical contributions to critical ....